Plan Execution

By Bryce Lewis and 1 other
• 4 articles

Recovery FAQ

We often say that your training is only as effective as your ability to recover from training stimulus, but what does that mean exactly? In short, training has two parts: Part 1 is completing the prescribed workouts in your plan. Part 2 is allowing your body downtime so that you can recover from the stress you've gone through. It's also important to remember that it is not just cycling stress that factors into your ability to recover, but rather, the stress of your life as a whole. Your home/family stress, work stress, and other physical activity will all affect your ability to recover, and as a result, will limit how much volume you can effectively handle. See our article on choosing a training volume for more information on this subject. Q: What is the difference between Rest, Recovery and Taper? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obUlSOjZRlE Rest and Recovery: The purpose of both rest and recovery is to allow your body to adapt to your training; if you do not recover, you simply do not get faster. Rest is when you spend time completely away from the bike. In TrainerRoad training plans, there is at least one day of complete rest per week to allow the body to "soak up" the training stimulus and adequately prepare for the work to come. We rarely recommend a full rest week off of the bike unless it is in the off-season, or following a very stressful event that demands additional recovery. Recovery is time spent on the bike at a low intensity. Recovery weeks are scheduled every 4-6 weeks depending on your training plan, and typically have the same number of training rides as a typical week, but all at a low intensity. This reduced training load allows for sustainable progress to be made in your training. Taper: A taper differs in that it is designed specifically to restore your freshness for race day. During a taper, the overall volume and time on the bike are reduced, while keeping the intensity high. During this process, your body goes through a set of physiological changes that will enhance your performance on race day. See the video for more details on this process. What this means is that a taper completed with proper timing (1-2 weeks leading up to your event) will allow you to perform your best on the day it matters the most. Taper weeks can be found in Weeks 7 and 8 of each of our Specialty training plans. Q: Do I need to take an additional week to recover between phases? Recovery weeks are built into every TrainerRoad training plan, so there is no need to take an additional recovery week if you are managing your training load successfully. Q: How can I optimize my nutrition for recovery? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-76j_-vGFHg Q: What can I do to recover effectively during a stage race? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1rXbw9NOhM Q: What does it means if I'm experiencing muscle soreness? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1GEfTt_lfQ

Last updated on Aug 13, 2026

Cycling Drills in TrainerRoad

Drills - Not Just for Base Season Though often relegated to base training phases, on-the-bike drills should have a place in your training plan year-round. Improvements in efficiency, strength and power are of benefit to riders at any level, beginner to professional. And when you consider how often you turn over the pedals in the course of a minute, also consider the potential effect of even the smallest improvement in your efficiency when carried over hundreds and thousands of times. Form drills are inarguably one of the best ways to break up the monotony of longer intervals and riders, so sprinkle these in liberally paying particular attention to the drills that most benefit you in terms of personal weaknesses and limiters. Efficiency Drills Efficiency drills seek to improve your overall cycling efficiency by addressing pedal economy (pedal speed and control) and muscle efficiency (gradual reduction in muscle stress at similar workloads). - Endurance Spinning (ES) - Practice spinning slightly quicker than your natural, self-selected cadence. Ride at a cadence that's at the very top of your comfortable rpm range (often this is your natural cadence + 3-5rpm) and remain there for a solid 5 minutes. The goal is to learn to turn the pedals more quickly with less force/muscle stress thereby improving your ability to remain predominantly aerobic over a wide range of rpm. If your HR rises more than a few bpm, you're pedaling too quickly - take it easy and stay relaxed but quick. - Single-Leg Focus (SLF) - The objective here is to learn to apply power more effectively through the entire pedalstroke by focusing strictly on one leg's activity through the bottom, upstroke, and over the top of the pedalstroke. For 90 seconds at a time, devote your attention to one leg before switching to the other. Your cadence may fall slightly, but these drills typically come more naturally to less experienced riders than "one-leggers" (described below). Pay particular attention to lightly pulling your foot across the bottom, lifting your knee lightly upward and then softly kicking over the top of each pedalstroke. Add this drill indoors or outdoors as often as you like, more frequently if you recognize a substantial difference in one leg's strength or coordination. - Isolated Leg Training (ILT) - Also known as "one-leggers" and similar to SLF drills, the objective here is to learn to more effectively apply power through the entire pedalstroke by focusing strictly on one leg's activity through the bottom, upstroke and over the top of the pedalstroke. Completely unclip one foot from the pedal and rest it on your trainer, a stool, or anything that allows it to safely rest without interfering with your other leg's pedaling. Begin with slow cadence (very slow in some cases) and periods of 10-20s per leg unless you can pedal longer without "knocking". Don't worry about your temporarily low power - these drills aren't about strength. As you improve, your cadence will increase as will each leg's duration. Pay close attention your kick and pull (described below) thinking more in terms of horizontal or back and forth pedaling especially if you begin feeling deadspots in your pedalstroke or you begin hearing a knocking sound due to those deadspots. Keep tension on the chain and switch legs anytime your form degrades; don't practice bad habits just to tack on 5 or 10 more seconds. Include this drill indoors 2-3 times each week accumulating 5-10 minutes per leg each workout. - Pedalstroke Quadrants (P/KP) - Each quadrant of a 360-degree pedalstroke can be emphasized over the course of a complete round of quadrant drills, but in the interest of keeping things more fluid, the 4 quadrants have been combined into 2 opposing muscle actions: up and down, backward and forward. - Pistons (P) - Few if any riders need to practice pushing down on the pedals, but improvements in how well your knees move are both beneficial to economy and joint health. As you pedal, pay close attention to how your knees track. They should move directly up, directly down - like pistons - with little if any lateral movement, especially at the top of each pedalstroke. Focus on one knee for 30-60s before switching sides. - Kick & Pull (KP) - A balanced pedalstroke is dependent upon consistent tension on your bike's drivetrain throughout the entire pedalstroke. Reinforce your ability to maintain tension through the weakest portions of the pedalstroke, the top and bottom quadrants. As your knee approaches top-dead-center, lightly kick your toes into the fronts of your shoes, and as your feet approach bottom-dead-center, lightly pull your heels into the backs of your shoes - kick and pull. Focus on just the kick for 30-60s, just the pull for 30-60s, then eventually both for 30-60s simultaneously. - Form Sprints (FS) - Sprints are for everyone, not just sprinters, because they "wake up" muscle fibers that too often don't get trained but will get used. Practice high-rpm sprint simulations at low power outputs to reinforce proper sprinting technique by jumping out-of-the-saddle and winding up a light gear. As your cadence reaches its controllable peak, gracefully transition into the saddle where you can shift gears if necessary. These sprints are only 10s long and are all about leg speed, form and technique. Experiment with which foot leads the sprint and learn how to generate a lot of leg speed in very little time. Strength Drills Strength drills not only enhance muscular contribution/activity but they can improve the health of your connective tissues and thus enhance joint stability in your knees, hips and ankles. - Strength Sprints (SS) - Sprints are for everyone, not just sprinters, because they "wake up" muscle fibers that too often don't get trained but will get used. These standing-start sprints consist of slowly turning over a big gear as forcefully as possible in order to recruit as many muscle fibers as you can. They're done from a near stop and in the biggest gear you can gracefully turn over without exceeding 90rpm in 12 pedalstrokes. While standing, hold onto your handlebar drops and drive each foot down as hard as you can while retaining the excellent sprinting form you practiced during Form Sprints. If you reach 90rpm inside of 12 pedalstrokes, choose a larger gear next time and abandon the drill if you encounter any knee pain. You can track your progress by comparing your max and average power output from week to week. - Force Intervals (FI) - Often riders need to create power at very low cadences, e.g. over-geared coming out of a turn, very steep climbs, starting from a dead stop, etc. These intervals are also excellent for improving the resilience of your connective tissue gradually and they provide an excellent opportunity to focus on your ability to control the lateral movement of your knees, especially at the top of the pedalstroke. If you currently have no knee issues, use a gear that allows you to hold your Target Power while riding between 50-60rpm. Focus on the top of the pedalstroke as well as the downstroke by kicking over the top and pressing your foot downward. - Hill Simulations (HS) - These are Tempo/Sweet Spot workouts performed with an elevated front wheel based on the typical grades you'll encounter in your target events. By raising your front wheel up to 6 inches above the level of your rear wheel, you can more closely emulate the slightly different demands that gradients place on your muscles even if there's no conclusive evidence of its benefit. Try to keep your cadence above 80rpm when seated and above 75rpm when standing. Most of your focus should fall on the top and back quadrants of the pedalstroke and this can be achieved by focusing on lifting your knees upward and then gently kicking your feet forward, especially when standing. These simulations are an attempt to increase the level of hill-climbing stress specificity as much as possible without riding actual hills. Power Drills Power drills can drastically improve both the number of muscle fibers you recruit during explosive efforts but also how quickly those fibers are recruited. They can also reduce muscle fiber fatigue over long rides by effectively distributing the workload over more muscle fibers. - Power Sprints (PS) - Power Sprints are the culmination of Form Sprints and Strength Sprints and teach you to overcome heavy resistance quickly. At a reasonable cadence, 85-95rpm, jump out-of-the-saddle and wind up a big gear but not as big as the gear used during previous Strength Sprints. These sprints are only 10s long and should allow you to get in a maximum of 24 pedalstrokes and reach a high rpm, 130rpm or higher. Practice winding up a lot of watts in the briefest time possible while maintaining the form and technique you picked up during previous Form Sprints. Experiment with which foot to lead with and don't hesitate to practice leading with either. - Advanced Hill Simulations (AHS) - The advanced version of HS are Sweet Spot/Threshold workouts which are still performed with an elevated front wheel based on the typical grades you'll encounter in your target events. Raise your front wheel up to 6 inches above the level of your rear wheel and more closely emulate the slightly different demands that gradients place on your muscles even if there's no conclusive evidence of this benefit . When specific cadence recommendations aren't detailed in the workout's Description and on-screen instructions, try to keep your cadence above 80rpm when seated and above 75rpm when standing. These simulations are part of a continued attempt to increase the level of hill-climbing stress specificity as much as possible without riding actual hills. - Strength Endurance Rides (SER) - Synonymous with Muscular Endurance, the intervals comprising these rides effectively take the place of Force Intervals and further your ability to turn bigger gears for longer durations. Put another way, they'll help you ride stronger in the wind, climb hills at a faster rate and maintain higher paces for increasing periods of time. Strength is only so useful without the ability to sustain it, so make sure you're rested and ready to tackle each of these workouts as they're quite difficult and sure to challenge the strongest of riders but well worth the effort.

Last updated on Aug 13, 2026

Integrating Strength Training

As athletes, we all know that there is more to your performance than simply the muscles needed to push the pedals. Core strength is of course extremely important in cycling, as are the supporting muscles in your legs that help prevent injury. Time in the gym can certainly make you a healthier and more complete athlete, however, it also has the opportunity to derail your training to a certain degree. In order to maximize both your strength and cycling training, try to abide by these guidelines: - Try to pair your weight training within 12 hours of your intervals & preceding a rest/easy day. Ideally, you'll do your cycling first, but if you can't, just know that your riding will suffer since you're training on pre-exhausted legs. - Try to adhere to an on/off schedule by following hard days with easy ones. - Try not to block your training. It's typically far better to train then recover, train then recover, than to train & train then recover. Blocks can be productive, but they're risky and best left for particular times of the year, and often enough, more advanced riders. If you are not quite sure what workouts you should be doing to best improve your cycling, read on to learn about Chad's Top 5 workouts and how to work them into your training. Specifics and Progressions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqmwjwTcOY8 Pistol Squats: Starting out: You want to begin at a squat depth where you can complete somewhere between 10-20 reps, alternating legs after each individual rep. When you can do 20 alternating reps properly, increase the squat depth and go back to shooting for 10 alternating reps; Progressions: You have a few options once you are able to complete 20 full-depth alternating repetitions. A few options are: - Grow to 30 alternating reps - Add weight and continue alternating legs with each rep - Stop alternating legs and do 10-15 reps straight on each leg before switching Side Planks: Starting out: Work up to holding a side plank for 90 seconds per side (do another exercise between sides rather than doing them back-to-back). Progressions: Once you can successfully hold a plank in proper form for 90 seconds, try these progressions: 1. Add movements such as leg abductions/raises, leg circles, etc. until you can hold a plank with motion for 90 seconds 2. Once you can do that, progress to hand-planks rather than elbow-planks Pushups: Starting out: Start with 2-3 sets of max # of PROPER pushups. Your goal is to work up to three sets of 20 pushups. Progressions: Once you can successfully complete three sets of 20 pushups, try these progressions: - Add alternating hip/knee flexion (spidermans/rock-climbers) until you can perform 3-5 sets of 20 pushups consecutively. - Another option is to add a weight plate to your back. Once you can do sets of 20 with the added weight, either increase the weight or add the spidermans/ rock-climbers mentioned above, but with weight as well. Deadlifts: Starting out: Find a weight you can properly lift for 15-20 reps. Be sure to nail your form EVERY rep, keeping in mind that without proper form you are at risk of injury and will not be working the intended muscles. Progression: Follow the below plan to advance your deadlifting capabilities: - Begin the first 4 weeks with 1-2 sets per workout, recover for 2-3 minutes when you work up to multiple sets. Focus on your form and make sure that you are doing them perfectly before piling on too much weight. - For the next four weeks, shrink the reps and grow the weight: rep range shrinks to 10-12 per set, weight increases such that 10-12 are difficult but doable, recover for 2-3 minutes between sets, and increase the sets to 3-5 per workout - For the next four weeks, move onto heavy lifts in the 3-5 rep range, 2-3 sets per workout, 5 minutes of recovery between sets. - Then move into maintenance with just 1 set, 3-5 heavy reps per workout, 1-2x/week, for the remainder of season. Renegade Rows: Starting out: Alternate moderate-tempo pulls for 20-24 reps (10-12/arm) with whatever weight you can move continuously. Progression: Once you can continuously complete 20-24 reps, try these progressions: - One option is to continue adding weight - Another option is to add a pushup between each repetition - The most advanced option is to complete a "man-maker" - This consists of: left row, pushup, right row, pushup, hop legs forward under your body, stand and shoulder dumbells, press both dumbbells overhead, return dumbbells to shoulders, return them to floor, kick feet back into pushup position, repeat for up to 20 total - If this ever becomes too easy for you, use more weight or add a speed element to progress even further

Last updated on Aug 13, 2026

Workout Bailouts

Quite often you'll face a workout that's just a little out of your reach that day. It might be a matter of residual fatigue from previous training, some missing freshness following a night of poor sleep or maybe you're just a little distracted and thus lacking your usual level of motivation. Whatever the reason, you still need your workout and you're not too tired to need a recovery day. In this case, modifying your workout in a small way, on-the-fly is probably the best way to maintain the workout's intent as well as keep your training on track. Bailouts vs Alternate Versions Workout "bailouts" are the best way to reduce the demand of the workout once you've begun the workout, i.e. on-the-fly, and recognize that you just aren't as sharp as you might have hoped. Alternate workout versions, on the other hand, are better suited to situations where you know ahead of time that a modification - decreasing or increasing the workout's demands - is your best bet in terms of extracting the most benefit from the day's workout. Alternate versions are covered in their own article aptly titled, "Alternate Workout Versions". When to Bailout & When to Gut It Out Before delving too far into the how's of bailing out, it's important to first cover the why of the matter. Bailouts are not encouragement to take the easy road when intensity and suffering are the order of the day. Intervals by their very nature hurt, and when you bypass this discomfort, it will come at the expense of your training progress. The take-home message is to use these sparingly, only when you need them and not simply when you want them - big difference. Types of Bailouts Bailouts come in a number of forms depending on the situation in which you find yourself, but they basically fall into 4 main categories: extended warmup, extended recovery/reduced interval duration, intensity reduction and intermittent backpedals. I'll explain each bailout type briefly, but keep in mind that each type of bailout is only a framework inside of which you have flexibility; they're shapeable based on the type of workout and the intervals within the workout. Extended Warmup If, from the very start of the workout you recognize that the first interval is going to crush you, reduce the Workout Intensity as much as 10%. More often than not, this will prevent you from derailing your entire workout and barely affect the workout's objectives if it affects them at all. You can then gradually raise the intensity of the workout as you progress through shorter, numerous intervals, e.g. 10x1-minute repeats, or you can do so as you progress through a longer, e.g. 12-minute, interval to bring yourself back up to full-dose, Target Power. For further example, during a 4x8-minute Threshold workout you feel you'd be best off by extending the warmup by easing into the first 8-minute interval. Before the interval begins, reduce the Workout Intensity to 90%. Two minutes later, increase it to 95% and then 2 minutes after that raise it back to the full 100% prescribed intensity. This will only have a slight effect on the workout's overall stress & intensity and it may very well save your workout by rendering the remaining intervals that much more productive since you warmed more thoroughly and are then able to keep your power more steadily on target. This approach doesn't just apply to days when you're feeling a little off. This is an excellent approach to any workout where the warmup isn't sufficient for your personal warming needs. Extended Recovery/Reduced Interval Duration Once you're further into the workout and still not quite keeping things on track, lengthening the recovery valleys in between intervals & cutting into the intervals themselves offer an on-the-fly bailout. The gist is that you recover longer than allotted by trimming the duration of the work interval thereby trading recovery for work. This option will have a greater effect on the workout's overall intensity and total stress but will retain the prescribed interval intensity and consequently most of the desired training stimulus. A suitable situation would be a 6x3-minute VO2 Max workout where you work for 3 minutes and then have 3 minutes of recovery before working for another 3 minutes. Say you make it about 2 minutes into the first interval before you start falling apart but hang in there for another 30 seconds before pulling the plug. This might simply be a matter of first-interval brutality and all subsequent intervals will be slightly more manageable, or it might be an invitation to perform a 6x2.5-minute workout - it's up to you to decide. Should you decide to trim them down, simply backpedal (discussed further a little later on) when the wind goes out of your sails. In this case, start backpedaling at the 2:30 mark and begin pedaling forward as soon as you reach the recovery valley. Then, make yourself hang in there to that same 2:30 mark for all remaining intervals, i.e. don't keep trimming a 3-minute interval down, down & down until you're only riding hard for a minute. Intensity Reduction Perhaps the most obvious bailout would be a workout-long reduction in intensity, but this bailout falls lowest on the list of recommended modifications since you might miss the overall objective of the workout. If, for example, you're slated to perform a Sweet Spot workout in the 88-94% FTP range but drop the Workout Intensity by 10% making the workout a Tempo workout, you've altered the workout's primary objective. Is Tempo training a waste of time? Certainly not, but it might only serve to postpone the recovery your body needs and miss the intended muscle endurance work in the process. In this case, an easy Endurance workout or recovery day might be a better solution. But intensity reductions can come on a smaller scale and only affect a handful of intervals, e.g. a couple early intervals, 1 or 2 mid-workout intervals or perhaps an interval or two at the tail-end of the workout. For example, a 16x1-minute Anaerobic workout might see you start out strong but fade toward the middle or end. A brief reduction in Workout Intensity of 10% could be just the slight reduction necessary to help you get all 10 intervals completed, most of them at full power. Whether the reduced-intensity intervals happen at the start for an extended warmup, in the middle when your motivation dips a little, or at the end when you're simply running low on go-juice, 2 or 3 less-intense intervals out of 16 means you kept things highly productive for 13 or 14 intervals while the other 2-3 were only slightly off the mark but still very productive. Backpedaling A personal favorite of mine, backpedaling, is probably the most malleable bailout in our repertoire of recommended workout modifications. Whether you apply it in conjunction with another bailout, e.g. backpedaling through a 30-second recovery extension, or on its own as a quick, 10-second break to dispel some muscle burn, backpedaling keeps your muscles active but with virtually no stress. Quite simply, turn the pedals backwards for the intended duration. In the case of short, VO2 Max or Anaerobic intervals, backpedals might be relatively long but during longer, Threshold or Sweet Spot intervals they're probably going to be brief, very brief. So a 3-minute VO2 Max interval might include a 30-second backpedal while a 10-minute Sweet Spot interval might contain 2 or 3 backpedals lasting no more than 10 seconds each. Try to only backpedal for as long as necessary to maintain a high level of productivity. This is again a matter of only resting as long as you need to, not as long as you want to. To Bailout or Bail Out Finally, there are simply some days where you need rest more than a down-modified version of your workout. Determining this line of demarcation is matter for you and/or your coach, but as you learn more about yourself as an endurance athlete you'll gain a better understanding of where that line exists.

Last updated on Aug 20, 2026